A healthy scalp is one that almost goes unnoticed, despite the fact that it is constantly working to produce new hair and protect the body from external elements. On the other hand, an unhealthy scalp can present several signs or a combination of symptoms, including tightness, dryness, itching, or dandruff.
However, not everyone reacts the same way, even though these issues are often caused by the same underlying factors.
What Are the Different Types of Scalp?
The condition of the scalp can vary based on exposure to natural elements such as the sun and wind, the production of sebum, or the presence of dandruff-related problems. Scalp types can be categorized as follows :
Covered or Exposed Scalp: The degree to which the scalp is covered with hair determines its exposure to the outside world If there are bald patches or areas with sparse hair, the condition of the scalp can differ. Areas with a full coverage of hair may become oily, while those with less hair may experience dryness.
Normal to Oily Scalp: Sebum production is genetically determined. While everyone produces sebum, some individuals produce more than others, leading to an oily scalp. Those with lower sebum production typically describe their scalp as “normal”.
Scalp with Dandruff or Healthy Scalp: Dandruff is a common issue, affecting up to 50% of the adult population. It can lead to dryness, itching, tightness, and flaky skin. People with dandruff are often sensitive to environmental factors, and these issues can sometimes intensify in certain weather conditions.
What Causes Scalp Imbalance?
Many mistakenly believe that dandruff results from poor hygiene. However, the primary cause is a microbe called Malassezia Globosa, which, although naturally present on the scalp, affects individuals differently. This microorganism feeds on the sebum on the scalp and transforms it into fatty acids, which can irritate the skin, weaken its barrier function, and trigger inflammation. This, in turn, leads to an accelerated turnover of skin cells, resulting in flakes.
Additionally, the scalp is darker and more humid than the rest of the skin, making it an ideal breeding ground for Malassezia Globosa.
Other environmental factors that exacerbate this issue include:
Humidity: Sweat is a major contributor to dandruff development, especially when the scalp remains moist for prolonged periods.
Temperature: High temperatures, such as wearing hats in summer or beanies in winter, increase scalp temperature and perspiration, which promotes dandruff.
Pollution: In urban environments, individuals are exposed to various forms of pollution, such as exhaust fumes and cigarette smoke, which can irritate the scalp.
Age: As people age, their hair becomes thinner, and this contributes to scalp health issues.
Lifestyle: Stress, poor diet, and smoking can influence scalp condition, and research has linked these factors to an increase in the growth of Malassezia Globosa.
How to Keep Your Scalp Healthy?
For a healthy scalp, it’s crucial to maintain regular cleansing using the right products:
Use a shampoo that suits your scalp’s needs.
Find the right washing frequency, whether it’s daily or once or twice a week, using lukewarm water and gently massaging the scalp.
For oily hair and unpleasant odors, more frequent washing may be necessary
Opt for shampoos containing pyrithione zinc, which helps combat the growth of Malassezia Globosa, the microorganism responsible for dandruff.
Avoid products with silicone, as they can suffocate the scalp and contribute to dandruff formation.
Minimize the use of dry shampoo to once a week, as it has drying effects, and avoid hairstyling powders on the scalp unless used on the lengths to re-texturize without affecting the scalp.
Pay special attention to your diet and avoid external factors that can exacerbate Malassezia Globosa growth.
Consume foods rich in vitamins B6 (liver, salmon), vitamin E (hazelnuts, almonds), and vitamin A (eggs, dairy products)
Stay away from dry environments that can irritate the scalp.
If your body is fatigued and stressed, a substance called histamine is produced, which can cause itching.
If scalp issues persist despite using the right products, consider changing your lifestyle by getting enough sleep and managing stress to improve overall health and scalp condition.
At Novesthetica, we provide expert advice and tailored treatments to ensure the health of your scalp, helping you achieve optimal results in your hair care journey.